.NET:

.NET is a platform for building anything. It is also referred to as an ecosystem because it has languages (C#, F#, VB, etc.), runtimes, editors, and libraries to build for web, mobile, desktop, games, and IoT.

• CLR, common language runtime — similar to JVM
• Nuget — similar to npm
• dotnet — cli
• ASP — similar to express

ASP.NET Core:

ASP.NET Core is a framework using C#.

• It's a competitor to Spring, Laravel, Flask, Express, etc.
• ASP stands for 'active server pages'
• ASP.NET Core is the open-source, cross-platform version of ASP
• ASP.NET Core is a full-stack environment. It serves server-side rendered dynamic web pages (using Razor) and it handles database and business logic
  • It can be combined with frontend technologies like React

MVC:

MVC is an architectural design pattern that enforces separation of concerns. It focuses on the separation of concerns between business logic and interface.

• Model — classes that manage the behaviour and data. Interacts with the database
• View — web pages that manage the presentation of data (Razor HTML). It typically receives a list of data from the controller and interpolates them in an HTML template
• Controller — the 'middle man' that connects models, business logic, web pages.
  • Processes user requests
  • Retrieves data from the model and passes it to the view

MVC architecture is not strict, diagrams vary almost always.

Razor Pages:

An ASP.NET page is a web page that mixes HTML with dynamic ASP markup.